Abstract
Background and Aims Improved vitamin D levels can have a favorable effect on some metabolic variables. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of vitamin D supplementation during a weight-loss intervention on the levels of omentin-1, spexin, lipid profiles, and inflammatory factors in obese and overweight participants. Methods and Materials In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 70 overweight and obese participants with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D ≤ 20 nmol/L) were assigned into the intervention (a daily dose of 2,000 IU vitamin D + low-calorie diet) and placebo (placebo + low-calorie diet) groups for 8 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D), lipid profiles, omentin-1 and spexin levels, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) concentrations were assessed before and after the intervention. Results Vitamin D supplementation after the intervention led to a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.02), very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) (P = 0.02), and hs-CRP (P = 0.03) concentrations and a significant increase in the serum vitamin D level (P < 0.001). Furthermore, after adjusting for baseline values, age, and baseline BMI, the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.01) increased significantly, and a significant reduction was observed in the concentration of sICAM-1 (P = 0.01) in the intervention group. However, we did not find any significant difference in serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations between the groups after intervention. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation along with a low-calorie diet (LCD) program for 8 weeks significantly decreased the inflammatory markers in obese individuals, while it did not alter serum omentin-1 and spexin concentrations.
Highlights
Obesity is a considerable public health problem, which is mainly caused by genetic factors, increased calorie intake, and the lack of physical activity [1]
Recent evidence has shown that vitamin D can modulate the secretions of many adipokines [4], which are mainly secreted by adipose tissue (AT). ese adipokines mainly include spexin and omentin-1 which play an important role in several biological processes, such as regulating the uptake of longchain free fatty acids and the body fat storage, modulating food intake and energy metabolism [5], as well as regulating the anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, and insulin-sensitizing effects in the body [6]. erefore, there are many disorders known to be related to increased AT mass and the subsequent incidence of inflammation [7]
Given the modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, we hypothesized that the low-calorie diet programs along with vitamin D supplementation could improve serum omentin-1 and spexin levels and modulate the inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese individuals. e purpose of this randomized placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation per day for 8 weeks on some serum adipokines including omentin-1 and spexin levels, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters along with a low-calorie diet program in overweight and obese participants who had vitamin D deficiency
Summary
Obesity is a considerable public health problem, which is mainly caused by genetic factors, increased calorie intake, and the lack of physical activity [1]. Ere are previous animal and human studies on obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) that have reported various effects of vitamin D supplementation on some adipokines and the biomarkers of inflammation, blood pressure, glycemic control, and lipid profiles in obesity [9, 14] To our knowledge, this is the first randomized doubleblind placebo-controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on omentin-1 and spexin levels in obese and overweight adults during low-calorie diet with vitamin D deficiency. E purpose of this randomized placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation per day for 8 weeks on some serum adipokines including omentin-1 and spexin levels, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters along with a low-calorie diet program in overweight and obese participants who had vitamin D deficiency Given the modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D, we hypothesized that the low-calorie diet programs along with vitamin D supplementation could improve serum omentin-1 and spexin levels and modulate the inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and anthropometric parameters in overweight and obese individuals. e purpose of this randomized placebo-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 supplementation per day for 8 weeks on some serum adipokines including omentin-1 and spexin levels, inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and anthropometric parameters along with a low-calorie diet program in overweight and obese participants who had vitamin D deficiency
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