Effects of vitamin D supplementation along with and without endurance physical activity on calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in metabolic syndrome patients: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background & aims</h3> Inadequate intake of vitamin D and high parathyroid hormone levels may play important roles in cardiovascular risk, which has been suggested to be associated with metabolic syndrome. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation with or without endurance physical activity on calcium and parathyroid hormone levels in metabolic syndrome patients. <h3>Methods</h3> A randomized control study, recruited 120 metabolic syndrome patients, both genders, aged 30 to 50 years. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups: Vitamin D (n = 30), vitamin D plus 30 min/day of physical activity (n = 30), placebo (n = 30), and placebo plus 30 min/day of physical activity (n = 30) group. Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the study. Data were collected over three months, and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 20. <h3>Results</h3> A significant decrease in serum calcium levels were seen among vitamin D and "vitamin D plus physical activity" groups than that in the placebo groups (P-value < 0.05 for all). Furthermore, taking vitamin D plus physical activity, lowered the parathyroid hormone more in comparison with the placebo groups (P-value < 0.001). Moreover, taking vitamin D plus physical activity lowered the parathyroid hormone more in comparison with only taking vitamin D (P-value < 0.05). <h3>Conclusion</h3> We conclude that daily supplementation of vitamin D (2000 IU/day) for 12 weeks along with moderate endurance physical activity might be important in the regulation of parathyroid hormone and serum calcium levels in metabolic syndrome patients. <h3>Trial registration</h3> WHO-ICTRP, IRCT20161110030823N2. Registered 01 February 2018, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=IRCT20161110030823N2.