Abstract
Free living viruses are ubiquitous in marine waters and concentrations are usually several times higher than the bacterial abundance. These viruses are capable of lysing host bacteria and therefore, play an important role in the microbial loop in oligotrophic waters. However, few studies have been conducted to compare the role of viruses in regulating bacterial abundance and heterotrophic activities between natural oligotrophic waters and anthropogenic influenced eutrophic waters. In this study, we examined viral effects on bacterial functions of four single bacterial species incubated with natural viral assemblages in seawater samples from eutrophic and oligotrophic waters. The viral-lysis of bacteria was significantly higher in eutrophic than oligotrophic waters. This suggests that viruses were capable of controlling bacterial abundance, respiration and production in the eutrophic waters. Cellular bacterial respiration and production was higher with viruses than without viruses, which was more evident in the oligotrophic waters. These results indicate that viruses can slow down bacterial consumption of oxygen and reduce bacteria-induced eutrophication effects in anthropogenic eutrophic waters, but switch to the role of sustaining the bacterial population when nutrients are limiting. There were bacterial species differences in resisting viral attack, which can influence the dominance and biodiversity of bacterial species in coastal waters.
Highlights
Free living viruses are ubiquitous in marine waters and concentrations are usually several times higher than the bacterial abundance
Bacteria can consume 20–60% of the organic carbon produced from primary production in marine ecosystems[5] by two processes: production of new bacterial biomass (i.e. bacterial production (BP)) and decomposition and remineralization of organic carbon to inorganic carbon (i.e. bacterial respiration (BR))
Bacterial biomass may be limited by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients and viral lysis of bacteria and the release of cellular lysates can be important in sustaining bacterial production based on the turnover of
Summary
Free living viruses are ubiquitous in marine waters and concentrations are usually several times higher than the bacterial abundance These viruses are capable of lysing host bacteria and play an important role in the microbial loop in oligotrophic waters. Bacterial biomass may be limited by dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nutrients and viral lysis of bacteria and the release of cellular lysates can be important in sustaining bacterial production based on the turnover of www.nature.com/scientificreports/. It is reasonable to hypothesize that in an oligotrophic system, the supply of nutrients limits the production of bacterial organic matter and viruses play an important role in the recycling processes of DOC and nutrients in the microbial loop by lysing bacteria and releasing bacterial lysates. Even fewer experiments have been conducted on how nutrients influence the effects of viruses on bacterial ecological functions using single bacterial species
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