Effects of vertical water immersion on the nervous system: a systematic review

Abstract

Vertical immersion induces a variety of physiological responses in different body systems, depending on the properties of fluid mechanics, which are the basis that underpins aquatic therapy programs in different pathologies. To perform a systematic review to analyze and describe the effects that vertical immersion produces on the nervous system in healthy subjects. A systematic search of the existing literature was conducted in the databases BRAIN, PubMed, PEDro and Web of Science. Quality was methodologically assessed using the CASPe guideline and the level of evidence was categorized using the Oxford scale. A total of 12 articles were included, with a score range of 7-10 according to CASPe, levels of evidence 1b-2b and grade of recommendation B. All studies showed positive results to the different forms of exposure of vertical immersion in water and the summation of the stimuli used; no adverse effects were reported in any case. The vertical immersion in the water generates positive effects on cerebral blood flows, cortical activation, executive functions and the production of neurotrophins in healthy subjects.