Abstract
The sago palm stored a native starch between the trunk fiber gap. The trunk needed to be crushed into a fine size using a mechanical system. In general, the grated sago size affects the extraction efficiency, which depends on sago starch that dissolved in water during an extraction process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of grated sago sizes on starch recovery at different steeping periods and trunk sections. The sago trunks used were selected at three palm section (Top, Middle and Bottom). After the grating process using Sago Grater, the grated sago was dried and sieved at different sizes (2.80 mm, 2.00 mm, 1.00 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.45 mm and 0.30 mm). Furthermore, the grated sago with different sizes was steeped in sodium metabisulphite (Na2S2O5) at different periods (5 mins, 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs) for starch extraction. The results showed that the independent variables of grated size most significantly affected starch recovery (P<0.05). A substantial amount of starch could be recovered from grated sago by reducing the grated size at X<0.30 mm which was up to 58% of the extraction efficiency. The increment of the steeping period from 5 mins up to 24 hrs increased the starch recovery; however, a longer steeping period showed an insignificant difference (P>0.05). Additionally, the trunk selection also affects the starch recovery, however, it does not influence the extraction efficiency.
Highlights
IntroductionIts microbial resistant ability is advantageous as additional material in the production of biodegradable material in packaging technology
Since the residue is mostly dumped into the river, using the total loss rate, it was estimated about 406,932 metric tons of sago starch is wasted based on the total sago production reported by DOA (2017)
The sago trunk moisture content (MC) is extremely high compared to ordinary wood timber which normally ranges between 40% to 50% as stated by Yamada et al (2010)
Summary
Its microbial resistant ability is advantageous as additional material in the production of biodegradable material in packaging technology It has low durability in a single form. Starch is an water solution from the grated trunk contains starch that important raw material for the processing operations in is channeled to the sedimentation tank. One of the factors that influence the extraction efficiency is the proportion of the sago trunk structure that ruptured which is producing various of grated sago size (Tay et al, 2013). The size of the grated sago trunk plays an important factor to increase extraction efficiency and high recovery. This study evaluated the effect of sago trunk at different sections (Top, Middle and Bottom) to the grated size and starch yield
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