Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of different drying methods on the physical properties, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oliefera L. (MO) leaf waste. The effects of two drying techniques, namely, sun drying (A1) and tray drying (A2), on the physical and antioxidant properties of the extracts obtained using three extracting solvents, i.e., water (b1), ethanol (b2), and ethyl acetate (b3), were investigated. These extracts were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant properties were determined with the Folin Ciocalteau, aluminum chloride, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) was used to identify functional groups in the active compounds. It was found that the physical properties of the MO extract, including yield, pH, total solids, and color, showed significant differences for the two drying methods (p < 0.05). The b3 extract had the highest value for total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities, followed by b2 and b1, respectively, for both the sun drying and tray drying methods. There was a significant correlation between the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity (IC50). This study reveals that waste material from MO leaves could be utilized as an antioxidant agent, which is expected to reduce environmental pollution from the MO processing industry.
Highlights
Plants are among the sources of medicinal treatments for health and prevention of diseases [1]
This study aims to evaluate the effects of three different drying methods on the physical properties, total phenolic contents, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moringa oliefera L. (MO) leaf waste
The ethanolic extract showed the highest yield for both sun and tray drying methods, with values of 50.87% and 71.07%, respectively, followed by water and ethyl acetate extracts (p < 0.05)
Summary
Plants are among the sources of medicinal treatments for health and prevention of diseases [1]. Medicinal plants can be used to treat a broad spectrum of diseases, such as bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases, oxidative stress, etc. Such properties among plants are usually attributable to the presence of a wide range of amphipathic molecules, commonly known as polyphenolic compounds [3]. Not every part of every plant has healing properties, each plant part has therapeutic potential which can be explored as a possible source of compounds of interest to the pharmaceutical industry [1,7]. Among herbs with potential therapeutic effects is Moringa oleifera, known as Moringa or Kelor (Indonesian)
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