Abstract
The effects of variations in design parameters of ultrasonic transducers on performance characteristics, including centre frequency, bandwidth and insertion loss, were investigated analytically. The design parameters considered in this study included acoustic impedance, resonant frequency, capacitance, electromechanical coupling constant of the piezoelectric element, acoustic impedance of the backing, thickness and acoustic impedance of the matching layer, series inductance of the electrical tuning network, and thickness of the bonding layer. Transducer performance was calculated based on the transmission line transducer model of Krimholtz, Leedom and Matthaei. The effects of single-parameter and up to two-parameter interactions on transducer performance were determined using the Hadamard matrix experimental design and analysis method. The relative significance of each design parameter on variability in transducer performance characteristics was established. Based on the results, the range of performance variation of nominally the same transducers caused by random variation of design parameters of constituent parts within specified tolerance limits was estimated.
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