Abstract
Abstract Liquid vaporization can influence the results of unsteady, external gas-drive relative permeability experiments. At elevated temperatures, liquid vaporization may affect (1) displacing gas mixture volume, (2) displacing gas mixture viscosity, and (3) volumetric liquid saturation calculated from a material balance. Approximate methods are presented to correct laboratory displacement data for the effect of liquid vaporization on displacing gas mixture volume and viscosity. An approximate method also is presented to evaluate the magnitude of liquid saturation reduction caused by liquid vaporization. By use of a modified Jones and Roszelle1 calculation procedure, equations are developed to describe the dynamic displacement of liquid water by nitrogen gas at elevated temperatures. A conventional analysis of three displacement experiments demonstrated the apparent temperature dependence of gas relative permeability. Use of the proposed method indicated that corrected gas and water relative permeability curves are not strongly temperature dependent for the artificially consolidated sandstone cores used in this study.
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