Effects of Vaccination Day Routine Activities on Influenza Vaccine Efficacy and Vaccination-Induced Adverse Reaction Incidence: A Cohort Study.

Tsuneaki Kenzaka,Ayako Kumabe,Masanobu Okayama,Momoka Kamada,Shinsuke Yahata,Ken Goda

doi:10.3390/vaccines9070753

Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Ayako Kumabe + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9070753

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Abstract

We aimed to investigate the effect of vaccination day routine activities on the influenza vaccine efficacy and vaccination-induced adverse reaction incidence. Study participants were workers at three hospitals in the Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, who received the influenza vaccine between October and November, 2018 and 2019. Their data were collected using a questionnaire. The main factors, which were examined for vaccination day routine activities, were personal hygiene (bathing), smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and exercise. The main outcome markers included influenza incidence during the winter season and vaccination-induced local or systemic adverse reaction incidence. The risk ratio for the main factors of vaccination day routine activities was calculated against the main outcome markers using the modified Poisson regression. Overall, 3780 people received the influenza vaccination, and 2731 submitted the questionnaire. We found that vaccination day routine activities did not affect the influenza vaccine efficacy, and engaging in strenuous exercise on the vaccination day tended to cause systemic adverse reactions. Moreover, lifestyle-related activities had no impact on the incidence of systemic or local adverse reactions. Therefore, it is advisable to only avoid strenuous physical exercise, and no other lifestyle-related restrictions are necessary on the day of influenza vaccination.

Highlights

Influenza is an infectious disease that is most prevalent during winter
Participant characteristics, routine activities on vaccination day, and incidence of local and/or systemic adverse reactions are shown in Table 1
We found that vaccination day routine activities, such as personal hygiene, smoking, alcohol consumption, caffeine intake, and exercise, did not affect the efficacy of the influenza vaccine

Summary

Introduction

Influenza is an infectious disease that is most prevalent during winter. Japan’s National Institute of Infectious Diseases has reported that out of a population of 126 million, million (9.5%) and 7.28 million (5.7%) people contracted influenza during the winter seasons between 2018 and 2019, and 2019 and 2020, respectively [1]. The administration of vaccines against the infection caused by the influenza virus has been a common practice and is the single most effective prevention strategy [2]. Because the majority of the individuals worldwide is expected to remain susceptible to one or more circulating influenza strains at any given time, further understanding of optimal vaccine practices is essential. The inactivated influenza vaccine is introduced into an individual’s. Characteristics Overall n = 2731 Sex Female Male Unknown.

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