Effects of Urban Expansion on Forest Loss and Fragmentation in Six Megaregions, China

Sai Zhang,Wenjuan Yu,Weiqi Zhou,Jing Wang,Weimin Wang

doi:10.3390/rs9100991

Abstract

Urban expansion has significant effects on forest loss and fragmentation. Previous studies mostly focused on how the amount of developed land affected forest loss and fragmentation, but neglected the impacts of its spatial pattern. This paper examines the effects of both the amount and spatial pattern of urban expansion on forest loss and fragmentation. We conducted a comparison study in the six largest urban megaregions in China—Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), Wuhan (WH), Chengdu-Chongqing (CY), and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) urban megaregions. We first quantified both the magnitude and speed of urban expansion, and forest loss and fragmentation from 2000 to 2010. We then examined the relationships between urban expansion and forest loss and fragmentation by Pearson correlation and partial correlation analysis using the prefecture city as the analytical unit. We found: (1) urban expansion was a major driver of forest loss in the CZT, PRD, and CY megaregions, with 34.05%, 22.58%, and 19.65% of newly-developed land converted from forests. (2) Both the proportional cover of developed land and its spatial pattern (e.g., patch density) had significant impacts on forest fragmentation at the city level. (3) Proportional cover of developed land was the major factor for forest fragmentation at the city level for the PRD and YRD megaregions, but the impact of the spatial pattern of developed land was more important for the BTH and WH megaregions.

Highlights

Urbanization has long been considered as a major force of land use/land cover (LULC) change worldwide, which is associated with changes in local and regional climate, environments, and natural resources [1,2,3,4]
We conducted a comparison study in six rapidly urbanizing megaregions in China to investigate the effects of urban expansion and its spatial pattern on forest loss and fragmentation from 2000–2010
(1) urban expansion was a major driver of forest land loss in the CZT, Pearl River Delta (PRD), and CY megaregions, with 34.05%, 22.58%, and 19.65% of newly-developed land converted from forests, but not in the WH, Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and BTH megaregions

Summary

Introduction

Urbanization has long been considered as a major force of land use/land cover (LULC) change worldwide, which is associated with changes in local and regional climate, environments, and natural resources [1,2,3,4]. Loss and fragmentation of forests caused by urban expansion has raised great attention worldwide [10,11,12] This is because forest loss and fragmentation have adverse impacts on a variety of ecological process and functions, such as deterioration of wildlife habitat quality [13] and threating biodiversity [14,15,16]. Understanding such impacts requires the quantification of forest loss and fragmentation associated with urban expansion [10,17,18]. Changes in spatial pattern of forested land have been typically studied by combining remote sensing data with landscape metrics [22]

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