Abstract
Summary In a study of perforation flow in standard API test targets, underbalance between 500 and 1,000 psi [3.4 and 6.9 MPa] was needed to obtain optimum flow efficiency. Perforation cleanup due to transient pressure gradients was separated from that caused by postshot, steady-state flow. Perforations with low initial flow efficiencies could be improved by steady-state washing, but not to optimum levels. The amount of rock debris washed from the perforation during the washing phase correlated directly with the shooting underbalance applied. Tests performed in kerosene-saturated, brine-free targets resulted in generally lower flow efficiencies and required higher underbalances to obtain optimum levels.
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