Abstract
BackgroundLong and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection. Whey proteins (WPs) enhance immunity during early life and have a protective role in some immune disorders. In this study, the effects of camel WP on the chemotaxis of B and T cells to CXCL12 and CCL21 in diabetic mice were investigated.ResultsFlow cytometric analysis of the surface expressions of CXCR4 (CXCL12 receptor) and CCR7 (CCL21 receptor) on B and T cells revealed that the surface expressions of CXCR4 and CCR7 were not significantly altered in diabetic and WP-supplemented diabetic mice compared with control mice. Nevertheless, B and T lymphocytes from diabetic mice were found to be in a stunned state, with a marked and significant (P < 0.05) decrease in CXCL12- and CCL21-mediated actin polymerization and subsequently, a marked decrease in their chemotaxis. WP supplementation in the diabetes model was found to significantly increase CXCL12- and CCL21-mediated actin polymerization and chemotaxis in both B and T cells.ConclusionOur data revealed the benefits of WP supplementation in enhancing cytoskeletal rearrangement and chemotaxis in B and T cells, and subsequently improving the immune response in diabetic mice.
Highlights
Long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection
Whey proteins (WPs) supplementation does not affect the surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR7 on B and T cells in diabetic mice First, we analyzed the surface expressions of CXCR4 and CCR7 by flow cytometry on B and T cells in control mice, diabetic mice and diabetic mice supplemented with WP using anti-CXCR4-PE, anti-CCR7-PE and IgG isotype control antibodies
F-actin polymerization was measured in response to CXCL12 (Figure 2A) and CCL21 (Figure 2B) in B cells isolated from control, diabetic, and WP-treated diabetic mice
Summary
Long and persistent uncontrolled diabetes tends to degenerate the immune system and leads to an increased incidence of infection. The effects of camel WP on the chemotaxis of B and T cells to CXCL12 and CCL21 in diabetic mice were investigated. Type 1 diabetes is defined as a complex multifactorial disease in which genetic factors with environmental modifiers give rise to immune abnormalities, leading to pancreatic b-cell damage and destruction. Numerous defects have been identified in CD8+ CD28 T-suppressor lymphocyte populations in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis [3]. Some evidence has suggested that defects in immune cells might interfere with normal pancreatic expressed on activated T and B cells [9]. During B and T cell chemotaxis, the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically remodeled; this reorganization produces the force necessary for the activation and migration of these cells [10]
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