Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of ultraviolet (UV) treatment and alendronate (ALN) immersion on the proliferation and differentiation of MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured on titanium surfaces. MG-63 cells were used for sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces, and HGFs were used for machined (MA) titanium surfaces. SLA and MA specimens were subdivided into four groups (n = 12) according to the combination of surface treatments (UV treatment and/or ALN immersion) applied. After culturing MG-63 cells and HGFs on titanium discs, cellular morphology, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated. The results revealed that UV treatment of titanium surfaces did not alter the proliferation of MG-63 cells; however, HGF differentiation and adhesion were increased in response to UV treatment. In contrast, ALN immersion of titanium discs reduced MG-63 cell proliferation and changed HGFs into a more atrophic form. Simultaneous application of UV treatment and ALN immersion induced greater differentiation of MG-63 cells. Within the limitations of this cellular level study, simultaneous application of UV treatment and ALN immersion of titanium surfaces was shown to improve the osseointegration of titanium implants; in addition, UV treatment may be used to enhance mucosal sealing of titanium abutments.
Highlights
The placement of dental implants has become an essential method for the treatment of edentulous or partially edentulous patients
We aimed to evaluate the effects of UV treatment and ALN immersion on the responses of osteoblast-like cells cultured on titanium discs with rough surface, and to assess the effects of these treatments on the responses of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) cultured on titanium discs with machined surface
For HGFs grown on MA discs, the cells grew in a concentric dispersion, following the lines on the titanium surfaces (Fig. 2a)
Summary
The placement of dental implants has become an essential method for the treatment of edentulous or partially edentulous patients. Titanium remains the material of choice for dental implants because of its superior biocompatibility and mechanical strength[1] It spontaneously forms a dense titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer at its surface when exposed to air or aqueous electrolytes, which acts as a strong barrier against corrosion and ion release from the metal surface, contributing to high biocompatibility[2,3]. UV-treated titanium surfaces exhibited alteration of physiochemical properties, and showed improvement of biologic capabilities, such as increased cell proliferation and enhanced osteoblast differentiation; this phenomenon was termed as photofunctionalisation[13] Bisphosphate application is another method used to increase osteoblastic activity. A recent study suggesting the concurrent application of UV irradiation and ALN soaking to the titanium surfaces represents an example of such attempts[28]
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