Abstract
Auricularia cornea var. Li. is an edible fungi and polysaccharides in Auricularia cornea var. Li. may have bioactive activities. Polysaccharides from Auricularia cornea var. Li. (ACP) was extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method and compared with hot water extraction (HWE) for extraction yield, extraction rate, purity of polysaccharides, microstructure of residues after extraction, preliminary structure and rheological properties of polysaccharides. Optimum conditions for UAE (particle size of 150–200 mesh, water to raw material ratio of 70:1, extraction temperature at 70 °C for 40 min, ultrasonic amplitude of 40%) and HWE (particle size of 150–200 mesh, water to raw material ratio of 60:1, extraction temperature at 90 °C for 3.0 h) were obtained via single-factor experiment. Under optimum conditions, extraction yield of polysaccharides by UAE was 30.99 ± 1.93% which showed no significant difference with that by HWE (30.35 ± 1.67%) (P > 0.05). Extraction rate (29.29 ± 1.41%) and purity (88.62 ± 2.80%) of polysaccharides by UAE were higher than those by HWE (extraction rate of 24.95 ± 2.78% and purity of 75.33 ± 6.15%) (P < 0.05). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of residues by UAE showed more broken cells than those by HWE. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the dialyzed ACP extracted by HWE and UAE (DACP-HWE and DACP-UAE) had similar characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides. Both DACP-HWE and DACP-UAE solutions showed typical shear thinning and temperature-independent behaviors (25–90 °C) and UAE resulted in polysaccharides with remarkably lower viscosity in comparison with HWE. DACP-UAE solutions exhibited more liquid-like state while DACP-HWE solutions solid-like system. Data indicated that ultrasound treatment may be a useful means for extraction of polysaccharides from Auricularia cornea var. Li.
Highlights
Edible fungi contain various bioactive components including polysaccharides, polyphenol, protein and vitamins [1]
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that the dialyzed ACP extracted by hot water extraction (HWE) and Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (DACP-HWE and DACP-UAE) had similar characteristic absorption peaks of polysaccharides
Both DACP-HWE and DACP-UAE solutions showed typical shear thinning and temperature-independent behaviors (25–90 ◦ C) and UAE resulted in polysaccharides with remarkably lower viscosity in comparison with HWE
Summary
Edible fungi contain various bioactive components including polysaccharides, polyphenol, protein and vitamins [1]. Novel techniques including enzyme-assisted extraction [7], microwave-assisted extraction [8,9] and ultrasound-assisted extraction [10] have been applied for extraction of polysaccharides from edible fungi. Microwave-assisted extraction could enhance extraction efficiency with less time consumption [8]. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is a popular means due to quick and high efficiency [14,15]. It could improve the yield of polysaccharides by disrupting the cell walls, reducing the particle size and enhancing contact between solvents and targeted compounds due to the acoustic cavitation effect [16]
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