Abstract

The Fano resonance theory is modified to account for photoionization by ultrashort laser pulses where the probability definition due to the nonlinear dependence on time is no longer valid. We employ the exact integrals over the Fourier transform of the photoionization cross section including the Fano resonances and a corrected Gaussian pulse shape that has vanishing electric field for zero frequency. Numerical results are presented for neutral helium that allow us to deduce the spectral distribution of the Fano resonance for different parameters and to identify the cases where the linear regime is invalid. Analytical approximations are given that provide a clear understanding of the linear and nonlinear regime related to the Fano parameter $q$, the detuned carrier frequencies, and pulse durations.

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