Abstract
BackgroundNowadays no researches has been performed on fatty acid profile (FA) and desaturase activity in metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). The aim of this study was to assessed gender and BMI-related difference in FA, estimated desaturase activities and the efficacy on metabolic changes produced by 2-months well-balance diet in MHO subjects.MethodsIn 103 MHO subjects (30/73 M/F; age:42.2 ± 9.5) FA, estimated desaturase activity, body composition (by DXA), Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, grelin, glucagon-like peptide-1), insulin resistence (by Homestasis metabolic assessment), C-reactive proteine, Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Body Shape Index (ABSI) have been assessed. Gender and BMI related difference have been evaluated and the efficacy produced by 2-months well-balance diet has been considered.ResultsAt baseline, obese subjects, compared to overweight, show a significantly higher oleic (p <0.050), monounsaturated fatty acids (p <0.040), C18:0 delta-9 desaturase activity (D9D) (p <0.040) and lower linoleic acid (p <0.020), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p <0.020) and n-6 LCPUFA (p <0.010). Concerning gender-related difference, women show a significantly higher arachidonic acid (p <0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (p <0.001), n-6 LCPUFA (p <0.002), and lower monounsaturated fatty acids (p <0.001), D6D activity (p <0.030), C18:0 D9D (0.000) and C16:0 D9D (p <0.030). The 2-months diet was associated with a significantly increase in arachidonic acid (p = 0.007), eicosapentaenoic acid (p = 0.030), docosahexaenoic acid (p <0.001), long chain omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA) (p <0.001), delta-5 desaturase activity (D5D) (p = 0.002), glucagon like peptide-1 (p <0.001) and a significant decrease in palmitoleic acid (p = <0.030), n-6/n-3 LCPUFA (p <0.001), insulin resistance (p = 0.006), leptin (p = 0.006), adiponectin (p <0.001), grelin (p = 0.030), CRP (p = 0.004), BMI (p <0.001) and android fat mass (p <0.001).ConclusionsThe balanced diet intervention was effective in improving metabolic indices.
Highlights
Healthy obesity (MHO) is a phenotype related to a subgroup of obese individuals who do not have insulin resistance, lipid disorders or hypertension [1]
Selection criteria for metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) individuals were partially based on the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATP III) for lipid profiles and on the study of Karelis [2] for insulin sensitivity (HOMA < =1.95)
We observed that women, compared to men, show a significantly higher content of arachidonic acid (p = 0.0003), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (p = 0.0015), omega-6 PUFA (p = 0.0021), and a lower value of monounsaturated fatty acids (p = 0.0001), of delta-6 desaturase (p = 0.03), C18:0 delta-9 desaturase (p = 0.001) and C16:0 delta-9 desaturase (p = 0.03) activities
Summary
Healthy obesity (MHO) is a phenotype related to a subgroup of obese individuals who do not have insulin resistance, lipid disorders or hypertension [1]. Selection criteria for MHO individuals were partially based on the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III report (ATP III) for lipid profiles (triglycerides: ≤.7 mmol/l, total cholesterol: ≤5.2 mmol/l, HDL-cholesterol: ≥1.3 mmol/l and LDL-cholesterol: ≤2.6 mmol/l) and on the study of Karelis [2] for insulin sensitivity (HOMA < =1.95). MHO is an important, emerging phenotype with disease risks somewhere intermediate between healthy, normal weight, and unhealthy, obese individuals. The aim of this study was to assessed gender and BMI-related difference in FA, estimated desaturase activities and the efficacy on metabolic changes produced by 2-months well-balance diet in MHO subjects
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