Effects of Two Types of Resistance Training Modalities (Hypertrophy vs. Contrast Training) on Bone Parameters in a Group of Healthy Elderly Women

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of two types of resistance training modalities (hypertrophy training vs. contrast training) on bone health parameters in a group of healthy elderly women. Forty-nine healthy elderly women whose ages range between 60 and 70 years were included in this study. The study population was randomly divided into three groups: hypertrophy training group (HTG; n=16), contrast training group (CTG; n=16) and control group (CG; n=17). Bone mineral density (BMD) values at the whole body (WB), lumbar spine (L1-L4), total hip (TH) and femoral neck (FN) were measured by DXA before and after 12 months of resistance training. Composite indices of femoral neck strength were calculated. WB BMD, L1-L4 BMD, TH BMD and FN BMD increased in the contrast training group. WB BMD and L1-L4 BMD increased in the hypertrophy training group, while TH BMD and FN BMD remained unchanged. Significant decreases in WB BMD, L1-L4 BMD, TH BMD and FN BMD were observed in the control group. The contrast training group showed the highest improvements in BMD values compared to the two other groups. Both experimental groups (HTG and CTG) showed similar significant improvements in composite indices of femoral neck strength and muscular strength. In conclusion, contrast training and hypertrophy training can stimulate bone gain at clinically important sites of osteoporotic fractures in elderly women.