Abstract
The aim of this work was to follow the kinetics of parasitic eggs elimination after two anthelmintic treatments in dromedary camels. This study was performed on three groups of four female camels bred in semi-extensive system. The first group was the untreated control, while the second one received sub-cutaneous injection of Ivermectine (Ivermectyl 1% ® medivet) and the third received Albendazole (Dalben 1.9 ® ceva) by oral route. Microscopic examinations of 180 fecal samples showed predominance of Trichostrongylus (94%), then Trichuris (9%), Nematodirus (4%) and finally fasciola (0.5%). The statistical results of the fecal egg count showed a slow decrease of eggs elimination in the group treated by injection reaching the mean reducing rate of 55% at the end of the experimental period, whereas in the group drenched with Albendazole, the parasitic eggs elimination decreased rapidly with a mean reducing rate exceeding 95% beyond the third day of experimental period. It can be concluded that oral treatment by Albendazole has a very potent effect for deworming camels and reducing the fecal elimination of helminth eggs on pastures and consequently for improving camel productivity.
Highlights
The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) occupies a central place in arid and desert regions thanks to its special feeding behaviour and its exceptional digestive physiology
The high prevalence of Trichostrongylus genus could be explained by environmental conditions and the semi extensive breeding system which is favourable for the parasitic life cycle
Since nematode species couldn’t be identified only by microscopic fecal examination (Lichtenfels et al 1997), the most frequent Trichostrongylus species reported in camel was T. colubriformis, T. probolurus and T. vitrinus (Dakkak et al, 1987; Singh et al, 1993; Borji et al, 2010)
Summary
The dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) occupies a central place in arid and desert regions thanks to its special feeding behaviour and its exceptional digestive physiology. The feeding behaviour of camels on pastures is different from other animal species. Thanks to the liberty and the importance of grazed area which are available to him, the animal has the possibility to take some fragments of vegetation and can move on great distances. Despite its arid and dry environment, the dromedary food can accommodate some parasites that affect essentially the digestive tract. Helminthosis constitutes one part of camel pathology that affects productivity in quantitatively and qualitatively as it was stated for long time (Richard, 1989; Graber, 1967). The effect of the gastrointestinal helminths is characterized mainly by massive infestation that reduces the absorption of nutrients and increases tissue damage
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