Abstract
The need for energy sources is one of the major problems for all countries in the world. Biodiesel is one of the alternative fuels. The use of 5% biodiesel in diesel fuel blend is usual, and most countries have planned to use 20%. Glycerol is a by-product of biodiesel production. Therefore, due to the increase in this substance, glycerol management is substantial. In this study, biodiesel was produced by the transesterification process from waste cooking oil (WCO); then, the triethylene glycol mono-methyl-ether (TGME) as a novel additive obtained from glycerol by the etherification method. The Dual-Fuel Diesel Engine mode (DFM) is one of the most suitable ways of achieving efficient and clean combustion. Dual-fuel combustion has been performed through the use of natural-gas (NG) as the main fuel and diesel/biodiesel blend The DFDEm engine was run under three different high NG ratios (60, 70, and 80%), at full-load and 1500rpm. Biodiesel was used at two levels of 5 and 20 vol%. TGME was added at four levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 vol.%) to fuel blends. Results showed that glycerol conversion and recycling into TGME additive is important, because, the presence of oxygen in the chemical structure of the TGME additive can make it a suitable oxygenated additive. The TGME as an oxygenated additive improved the most parameters of the engine. Oxygenated fuels contributed to the combustion process and improved it. The best conditions achieved by adding 0.2 vol% TGME additive into diesel fuel at the DFM engine in NG70 mode, under these conditions in comparison to conventional diesel combustion brake power, and brake thermal efficiency increased by 10.54 and 12.77%, but the generated power cost amount decreased by 20.16%. Also CO, CO2, and NOx emissions decreased by 76.77, 40.9, 1.31%, respectively.
Highlights
Nowadays, the need for new energy sources is one of the major problems of all countries in the world
For dimethyl ether and diethyl ether at a similar condition and constant amounts of 3%Vol, the brake power is reduced by about 32.1% and 19.4% at 4200 rpm, while the brake specific fuel consumption was increased by about 47.1 and 24.7% at 2200 rpm, respectively
It is reflected in the analysis of Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), φ, exhaust gas temperature (EGT), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and exhaust emissions, such as NOx and CO2
Summary
The need for new energy sources is one of the major problems of all countries in the world. Fossil fuel consumption generally increased by about 51% between 1995 and 2015. This consumption has been predicted to increase by approximately 18% between 2015 and 2035 (Yildiz, 2018). Annual global energy demand is more than 12 billion tons of petroleum fuel (BTOE), which leads to the release of 39.5 Gt-CO2, and if more energy is required, it will increase the annual CO2 emissions to 75 Gt-CO2 in the future.
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