Effects of tricalcium phosphate-titanium nanoparticles on mechanical performance after friction stir processing on titanium alloys for dental applications

Abstract

Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid-state method that is widely used in titanium and its alloys to enhance their strength. The FSP technique produces low-defect-density materials with improved mechanical properties, making it potentially valuable for orthopedic and dental applications. It is primarily used for low-melting-point materials such as titanium but can also be applied to high-melting-point metals such as steel, nickel, and titanium alloys. When conducting an FSP test, it is crucial to select appropriate tool geometry, rotational speed, tool speed, and workpiece thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly used to analyze the phase and morphology of samples containing Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and Titanium oxide nanoparticles (Ti-NPs) ceramic. The effect of hydrogenation on the mechanical properties of titanium alloys mixed with titanium during FSP is also investigated. The composition of TCP and Ti-NP is diffused onto the titanium substrate, and it is recommended that Ti-NP be joined to the substrate using FSP. Using FSP, the microstructure can be altered, and the properties of the new design tool can be studied using mechanical testing. The effects of hydrogenation during FSP of two non-homogeneous metals with Ti-NP can be investigated to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joint area and the worn tool mechanism. The pin tool mainly alters the direction of the secondary metal, allowing for an increase in the number and size of this secondary material attached to titanium. FSP parameters can be optimized based on the volume of the joined area using various established techniques.