Abstract
AbstractUsing 2‐D finite element numerical simulation and considering the 2011 Japan Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake as a case study, we studied the effects of topography, layer structure and local geological structure on the calculation of co‐seismic deformations. Double nodes are used as the fault slip surface; the homogeneous, layered, and models with terrain as well as the subduction plate are used to examine the influence of different physical factors respectively. The results reveal that the topography has a non‐negligible effect, reaching from –1.25 to 1.31 m for horizontal displacement, and from –0.89 to 0.44 m for vertical displacement, with the relative effects of 26% and 55%, respectively. The effects are even larger when the topography and regional geologic structure are considered, reaching the range of –1.78∼0.8 m and –1.4∼0.64 m for horizontal and vertical displacement, respectively; the corresponding relative effects are 34% and 92%, respectively. The results also indicate that the effect of the regional geological structure is larger than that of the layer structure. In summary, the effects of the acute change of the topography, especially the seamount and regional geological structure are very large and can be detected by modern geodetic measurements, such as GPS and InSAR. Therefore, the topography and geologic structure should be considered in calculating co‐seismic deformations.
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