Effects of topical antiglaucomatous medications on central corneal epithelial thickness by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of topical antiglaucomatous medications on central corneal epithelial thickness measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. A total of 153 eyes of 153 patients using topical antiglaucomatous medications and 110 eyes of 110 control subjects were enrolled. Glaucoma type, duration of therapy, the number of drugs, and drops/day were noted in the patient group. Patients and control subjects underwent ocular examinations including Schirmer test, slit lamp examination for tear film break-up time, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography for central corneal thickness and central corneal epithelial thickness. Central corneal epithelial thickness and other data were evaluated separately with regard to glaucoma type, duration of therapy, the number of drops, and drugs in the patient group. The mean ages of the patients and controls were 60.1 ± 10.8 and 58.7 ± 11.2 years, respectively. The groups were similar with regard to mean age and gender (p = 0.058, p = 0.734, respectively). The median (interquartile range) central corneal thickness was 536 (54) µm in patients and 552 (53) µm in controls (p = 0.011). The median (interquartile range) central corneal epithelial thickness of patients and controls were 56 (4) µm and 60 (8) µm, respectively (p < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) tear film break-up time and Schirmer were 12 (6) s and 10 (8) mm in patients and 16 (2) s and 18 (4) mm in controls, respectively (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). In patient group, there was no significant difference in the median central corneal thickness, central corneal epithelial thickness, and tear film break-up time in terms of glaucoma type, duration of therapy, the number of drugs, and the number of daily drops. Only the median Schirmer test was found to be statistically lower in terms of number of daily eye drops (p = 0.039). Using topical antiglaucomatous medications seems to affect the central corneal epithelial thickness in glaucoma patients. Central corneal epithelial thickness was thinner in glaucoma patients than controls. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography might be helpful to evaluate the effect of antiglaucomatous medications on central corneal epithelial thickness during treatment.