Effects of Tomato Juice Intake on Salivary 8-Oxo-dG Levels as Oxidative Stress Biomarker after Extensive Physical Exercise.

Ali Pour Khavari,Siamak Haghdoost

doi:10.1155/2020/8948723

Ali Pour Khavari, Siamak Haghdoost

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8948723

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a normal level are important molecules involved in several cellular processes including immune response and cell signalling. Overproduction of ROS may lead to elevated oxidative stress and consequently to age-related diseases. Most of the studies related to oxidative stress in humans have been done on blood samples. However, blood sampling might be painful, requires special qualified personnel, and has to be performed at medical centers. An alternative to blood is saliva. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and can be performed by the donor. Biomarker determination in saliva is becoming an important part of laboratory diagnosis, but method development is needed before it can be used in the clinics. In the present investigation, 16 donors performed extensive physical exercise by cycling and keeping their heart rate at 80% of maximum for 20 minutes. The physical activity was repeated 3 times: before tomato juice intake, after daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice during 3 weeks, and finally 3 weeks after finishing tomato juice intake (washout period). The level of the stress biomarker, salivary 8-oxo-dG, was determined before and after the physical activity. The results indicate that (a) 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of 8-oxo-dG in saliva significantly (p = 0.0078) and (b) daily intake of 100 ml tomato juice may inhibit (p = 0.052) overproduction of salivary 8-oxo-dG by 20 min physical activity. We conclude that the 20 min extensive physical activity increases the level of salivary 8-oxo-dG in healthy donors and 100 ml daily intake of tomato juice may inhibit the increase of 8-oxo-dG in saliva.

Highlights

Different lifestyles such as smoking, physical exercise, and eating habits can either induce or reduce oxidative stress levels [1, 2]
It has been reported that elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS), e.g., produced during extensive exercise or exposure to ionizing radiation, can cause damage to the biomolecules, while regular exercise results in adaptation of the body leading to resistance against oxidative stress through expression of antioxidant genes, e.g., superoxide dismutase and glutathione transferase [4]
During oxidative stress when the levels of ROS exceed the antioxidant capacity of cells, ROS may react with and modify the structures of proteins, lipids, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, and DNA and disturb their physiological functions [9,10,11]

Summary

Introduction

Different lifestyles such as smoking, physical exercise, and eating habits can either induce or reduce oxidative stress levels [1, 2]. Physiological levels of ROS are involved in normal cellular processes, e.g., apoptosis and immune response [6, 7] as well as production of normal muscle force [8]. During oxidative stress when the levels of ROS exceed the antioxidant capacity of cells, ROS may react with and modify the structures of proteins, lipids, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTP), and DNA and disturb their physiological functions [9,10,11]. This may lead to muscle fatigue and contractile dysfunction [8] and initiate age-related diseases [12]

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