Abstract
BackgroundThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among the worldwide population has been associated with a range of adverse health consequences such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities that occur more commonly in overweight individuals. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary approach used for weight loss and overall health. TRF may be an option for those subjects who struggle with extreme restriction diets with foods that generally do not belong to an individual's habits.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of TRF on body composition and the association of weight loss with metabolic and cardiovascular risks in obese middle-aged women.MethodsA non-randomized controlled clinical trial was performed over 3 months in obese women (TRF group, n = 20, BMI 32.53 ± 1.13 vs. Control n = 12, BMI 34.55 ± 1.20). The TRF protocol adopted was 16 h without any energy intake followed by 8 h of normal food intake.Main outcomes and measuresAnthropometric measurements, body composition, blood biomarkers, cardiovascular risk in 30 years (CVDRisk30y), and quality of life were evaluated at baseline and after the 3 months.ResultsTRF was effective in reducing weight (~ 4 kg), BMI, % of body fat (%BF), waist circumference from baseline without changes in blood biomarkers associated with MetS. TRF promoted a reduction in CVDRisk30y (12%) wich was moderately correlated with %BF (r = 0.62, n = 64, p < 0.001) and %MM (r = − 0.74, n = 64, p < 0.001).ConclusionsTRF protocol reduces body weight without changes in biomarkers related to MetS. In addition, the anthropometric evaluation that predicts %BF and %MM could be used as an approach to follow individuals engaged in the TRF regimen since they correlate with cardiovascular risk.
Highlights
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among the worldwide population has been associated with a range of adverse health consequences such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) was effective in reducing weight (~ 4 kg), Body mass index (BMI), % of body fat (%Body fat percentage (BF)), waist circumference from baseline without changes in blood biomarkers associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS)
TRF promoted a reduction in CVDRisk30y (12%) wich was moderately correlated with %BF (r = 0.62, n = 64, p < 0.001) and %muscle mass (MM) (r = − 0.74, n = 64, p < 0.001)
Summary
The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among the worldwide population has been associated with a range of adverse health consequences such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a dietary approach used for weight loss and overall health. Obesity is the major risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with approximately 90% of the population with T2DM being overweight or obese [1] Another concern of obesity is the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, Schroder et al J Transl Med (2021) 19:3 heart failure [2]. Abdominal circumference above 102 cm in the case of men and above 88 cm in the case of women qualifies as central obesity and involves increased cardiovascular risk [3] Both T2DM and CVD are the outcomes of a complex organic dysfunction known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) [4]. Adherence to daily energy restriction decreases after 1 month and continues to decline thereafter [8]
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