Effects of Tilletia foetida on Microbial Communities in the Rhizosphere Soil of Wheat Seeds Coated with Different Concentrations of Jianzhuang

Ghulam Muhae Ud Din,Han Zhang,Wanquan Chen,Zhenzhen Du,Taiguo Liu,Sifeng Zhao,Li Gao

doi:10.1007/s00248-021-01696-w

Ghulam Muhae Ud Din, Han Zhang + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-021-01696-w

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Abstract

Tilletia foetida (syn. T. laevis) leads to wheat common bunt, a worldwide disease that can lead to 80% yield loss and even total loss of production, together with degrading the quality of grains and flour by producing a rotten fish smell. To explore the potential microbial community that may contribute to the control of soil- and seed-borne pathogens, in this study, we analyzed the effects of the plant pathogenic fungus T. foetida on rhizosphere soil microorganisms in wheat seeds coated with different concentrations of a fungicide (Jianzhuang) used to control the disease. To analyze the bacterial and fungal abundance in T. foetida-infected and mock-infected plants, the microorganisms were sequenced using high-throughput HiSeq 2500 gene sequencing. The results showed that bacterial communities, including Verrucomicrobia, Patescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, Nitrospirae, Fibrobacteres, Chlamydiae, and Hydrogenedentes, and fungal communities, including Basidiomycota and Ciliophora, were more prevalent in the mock group than in the T. foetida-infected group, which may contribute to the control of wheat common bunt. Moreover, cluster and PCoA analysis revealed that replicates of the same samples were clustered together, and these results were also found in the distance index within-group analysis for bacterial and fungal communities in the T. foetida-infected and mock groups.

Highlights

RD stands for recommended dose, and mock means ddH2O application (RD) were farther away from the other treatments, while the distances between IB (3% RD) and IE (1.5 times RD) were closer, indicating that the effects of these two concentrations of Jianzhuang seed dressings on the rhizosphere bacterial community were similar
We investigated the effects of T. foetida on the microbial community with different concentrations of Jianzhuang pesticide-coated seeds and identified some
T. foetida-infected samples with Jianzhuang at different concentrations had slightly higher Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes relative abundance levels than the mock libraries (Fig. 1). These findings suggest that Jianzhuang increased Proteobacteria diversity, which was affected by T. foetida

Summary

Introduction

Plants infected with T. foetida usually produce a lower yield, with low quality compared to healthy plants. Wheat flour millers usually refuse grains infected by T. foetida, as very low infection rates can Ghulam Muhae Ud Din, Zhenzhen Du and Han Zhang contributed to this work. Rhizosphere soil is a dynamic and complex environment; its biological activity is typically regulated by microorganisms, which play crucial roles in sustaining the health of agricultural and natural soil systems [7]. Many factors affect rhizosphere soil microorganisms, such as plant pathogens, which are a critical component of rhizosphere microbial communities and play an important role in plant growth and health [9]. Some fungi are known for biocontrol activity against pathogenic microorganisms [10], which positively support plant productivity by enhancing plant growth. Some fungi negatively influence plant health, such as some plant pathogens in the soil; for example, Fusarium graminearum can cause stalk rot disease of maize [11], Verticillium nonalfalfae can cause verticillium wilt on tree of heaven [12], and Macrophomina

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