Abstract
In the years 2001 - 2003, there were analyzed relations between the number of <i>Fusarium culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i>, fungi found on culm base parts of stalks of seven winter wheat cultivars, and preceding crop type as well as the cultivation system. The research was carried out in Poland, on light soil plots of a Lower Silesia-based experimental station subordinate to the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (IUNG). The loglinear and correspondence analyses proved varying immunity of particular wheat cultivars to <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. avenaceum</i> fungi. There were also observed significant differences in <i>Fusarium</i> diseases of wheat as dependent on precipitation and temperature in the growing season. The Kobra cultivar was highly resistant to <i>F. avenaceum</i>. The lowest amounts of <i>F. culmorum</i> fungi were detected in the culm base parts of the Izolda cultivar. The cultivation of corn, as a preceding crop for oats and for spring wheat, did significantly differentiate varieties of fungi in the cultivation systems examined. In the plough cultivation system, wheat was mainly infected by <i>Fusarium culmorum</i>, whereas in direct sowing, particular cultivars of wheat were mostly infected by <i>F. avenaceum</i>.
Highlights
Fusarium diseases of wheat ears have become very common all over the world
The analysis proved considerable differences in the number of isolates of F. culmorum or F. avenaceum found on wheat cultivars in particular years of investigation
The results obtained prove that weather conditions do significantly affect the intensity of occurrence of F. avenaceum and F. culmorum on wheat
Summary
Fusarium diseases (scab) of wheat ears have become very common all over the world. The infection of plant roots and stalks in their later stage of development results in 10-30% crop loss, while infection of ears by Fusarium fungi can cause 30-70% loss (Martin and Johnston , 1982; I n c h and Gilbert , 2003). The most effective method of protection against fusarium diseases seems to be cultivation of pest resistant cereal cultivars (Ruckenbauer et al 2001). The investigation conducted in Germany (Lower Saxony) proved that the main factor which controls contamination of grain with mycotoxins (produced by fungi of the Fusarium genus) is an appropriate preceding crop, followed by proper selection of plant cultivars and the method of cultivation (K o c h et al 2006). The main factor, which determines the frequency of occurrence of fusarium ear diseases, is the level of precipitation in the course of the wheat flowering stage. Some authors, comparing particular tillage systems, report that the ploughless cultivation system promotes the intensity
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