Effects of Throughflow and Gravity Modulation on Thermal Convection in a Couple Stress Fluid Saturated Porous Layer

Abstract

In this paper, we have investigated the effects of throughflow and gravity modulation on a couple stress fluid saturated porous layer using non-autonomous Ginzburg-Landau model. A small variation of disturbances has been considered to examine the nonlinear thermal instability in a couple stress fluid saturated porous media. At third order, the finite amplitude of convection has been calculated which determines heat transfer. The effect of throughflow i.e., inflow and outflow have dual nature of heat transfer. The couple-stress parameter has stabilizing nature on thermal instability. The couple-stress parameter has stabilizing nature on thermal instability. Further it is found that upward directed flow enhances and downward directed flow diminishes heat transfer.