Abstract
The landslide triggered by earthquakes can cause severe infrastructure losses or even fatalities. The high-steep rock slide is the most common type of landslide in the earthquake area. In an earthquake, the ground moves randomly in all directions, two horizontal directions (East-West (EW) direction, North-South (NS) direction) and one vertical direction (Up-Down (UD) direction). Even though extensive studies have been carried out on the earthquake-triggered landslide, the effects of each single seismic wave and the three-directional seismic waves are not considered. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different types of the seismic waves on the dynamic response and failure behavior of the high-steep rock slide. To investigate the effects of each single seismic wave and three-directional seismic wave, this study presents a numerical model with four types of seismic waves, e.g., East-West (EW) direction, North-South (NS) direction, Up-Down (UD) direction, and three-directional wave (EW_NS_UD). The numerical results revealed that the types of the seismic waves have significantly different effects on the dynamic process, failure behavior, run-out distance, velocity, and deposition of the high-steep rock slide.
Highlights
The earthquake-triggered landslide represents a dangerous natural hazard causing significant damage to property and infrastructure and personal casualties [1,2]
Chen et al modeled a symmetrical slope by using the DDA method, and the results showed that pulse-like ground motion (PLGM) might be the main factor for the earthquake-triggered landslides [25]
This study aims to evaluate the effects of the different seismic waves on the dynamic response and failure behavior of the high-steep rock slide
Summary
The earthquake-triggered landslide represents a dangerous natural hazard causing significant damage to property and infrastructure and personal casualties [1,2]. There have been many reports on the earthquake-triggered landslides in the past few years [3,4,5]. On 8 October 2005, the Kashmir earthquake triggered a large number of landslides in the northern Pakistan. The most disastrous landslide destroyed three villages and caused nearly 1000 deaths [6]. A total of 60,104 landslides induced by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake (Ms = 8.0) directly killed over 20,000 people [7].
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