Effects of three surfactants on the degradation and environmental risk of metolachlor in aquatic environment

Abstract

Surfactants and pesticides can be simultaneously detected in the environment by the reason of their widespread use and large amounts of emissions. Due to the special amphipathicity of surfactants, it may have special effects on the environmental behaviors and toxic effects of other substances in the environment. There are few relevant studies at present. In this study, the effects of three surfactants on the degradation of the amide pesticide metolachlor in water-sediment system were investigated. The study found that the three surfactants had no significant effect on the degradation of metolachlor in the system at environmental concentrations. However, at critical micelle concentration, cationic surfactant octadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether promoted the degradation of metolachlor in water-sediment system. Anionic surfactant odium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) prolonged the degradation half-life of metolachlor. The presence of surfactants not only affected the environmental behavior of pesticides. When they coexisted with pesticides, the joint toxicity to aquatic organisms cannot be ignored. This study found that the combined effects of three surfactants and metolachlor on the acute developmental toxicity of zebrafish embryos were all synergistic effects. The combined effects of two ionic surfactants and metolachlor on the acute toxicity of adult zebrafish were synergistic effects. Further study showed that co-exposure of SDBS and metolachlor increased the absorption of metolachlor by zebrafish. Combined exposure of SDBS and metolachlor caused oxidative stress in brain, gill and liver of zebrafish. The results showed that the simultaneous presence of anionic surfactants and pesticides in the environment may increase the environmental risk of pesticides.