Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is highly regarded in the field of dentistry. Three-dimensional printed resin restorations must undergo a washing process to remove residual resin on the surface after they have been manufactured. However, the effect of the use of different washing solutions and washing times on the biocompatibility of the resulting resin restorations is unclear. Therefore, we prepared 3D-printed denture teeth and crown and bridge resin, and then washed them with two washing solutions (isopropyl alcohol and tripropylene glycol monomethyl ether) using different time points (3, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min). After this, the cell viability, cytotoxicity, and status of human gingival fibroblasts were evaluated using confocal laser scanning. We also analyzed the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface SEM imaging. Increasing the washing time increased the cell viability and decreased the cytotoxicity (p < 0.001). Confocal laser scanning showed distinct differences in the morphology and number of fibroblasts. Increasing the washing time did not significantly affect the flexural strength and surface, but the flexural modulus of the 90 min washing group was 1.01 ± 0.21 GPa (mean ± standard deviation), which was lower than that of all the other groups and decreased as the washing time increased. This study confirmed that the washing time affected the biocompatibility and mechanical properties of 3D printed dental resins.
Highlights
Developed computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) technology is widely used in dentistry and has made a substantial contribution to the development of dental treatment techniques and restoration quality improvements due to its rapidness and reproducibility [1,2]
human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were cultured on the surface of the 3D printed specimens for 24, 48, and 72 h, and the cell viability was found to vary with the washing time and the 3D printed resin used (Figure 4)
Three-way ANOVAs of all the experimental groups included in this study revealed that the flexural strength was significantly higher in the control group, but that there was no significant tendency for the flexural strength to decrease as the washing time increased
Summary
Developed computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) technology is widely used in dentistry and has made a substantial contribution to the development of dental treatment techniques and restoration quality improvements due to its rapidness and reproducibility [1,2]. Among the processing technologies used for this purpose, 3D printing involves stacking raw materials to produce an object; this technique is called additive manufacturing. This approach has received attention because it can rapidly produce and prototype various materials that can be 3D printed in a layer-by-layer manner [3]. Additive manufacturing technology is used to manufacture dental models for the implantation of surgical guides, crowns, denture bases, clear aligners, and mouth guards using 3D printed polymers, as well as for the manufacture of metal restorations and dental implants [7,8,9]. Recent advances in ceramic printing technology have led to the development of ceramic material-based prostheses being considered possible [10]
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