Effects of the STAMP-inhibitor asciminib on T cell activation and metabolic fitness compared to tyrosine kinase inhibition by imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib

Abstract

T cell function is central to immune reconstitution and control of residual chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells after treatment initiation and is associated with achieving deep molecular response as a prerequisite for treatment-free remission, the ultimate therapeutic goal in CML. ATP-pocket-binding tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib are widely used for treating CML, but they have shown to inhibit T cell function as an “off-target” effect. Therefore, we tested asciminib, the first-in-class BCR::ABL1 fusion protein inhibitor specifically targeting the ABL myristoyl pocket (STAMP) and compared its effects on T cell function with imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. Whereas all four TKIs inhibited the expression of the co-stimulatory protein CD28, the amino acid transporter CD98, proliferation, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, IL-6, and IL-17A upon T cell stimulation, asciminib had less impact on PD-1, activation markers, and IL-2 secretion. T cells treated with asciminib and the other TKIs maintained their ability to mobilize their respiratory capacity and glycolytic reserve, which is an important surrogate for metabolic fitness and flexibility. Overall, we found milder inhibitory effects of asciminib on T cell activation, which might be beneficial for the immunological control of residual CML cells.