Effects of the ratio between body forces and inter-particle forces on maximum void ratio

Abstract

Relative density has been shown to be useful for interpreting soil behaviour and for estimating the strength and other soil characteristics in geotechnical engineering. Previous studies have shown that the index void ratios (maximum and minimum void ratios) used to determine relative density depend on the particle shape and the shape of the grain size distribution. However, the effect of the median grain size on the index void ratios has not been resolved. In this study, the effects of the particle weight and the particle size relative to the inter-particle attractive forces are examined by conducting maximum void ratio (emax) tests in elevated gravity fields through the use of a centrifuge. The results indicate that both an increasing particle size and increasing gravity affect emax, providing evidence that inter-particle forces affect the packing of materials in this limit state. The change in emax, occurring in an elevated gravity field, implies that the relative densities estimated for centrifuge model experiments may not be accurate.