Abstract
Following ultrasonication combined with a hot water extraction, a new type of bioactive polysaccharide, SPS-3-1, was purified from Spirulina using ultrafiltration centrifugation and gel filtration chromatography. The structure of SPS-3-1 was determined with high performance gel permeation chromatography, gas chromatography, periodate oxidation, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and atomic force microscopy performance. SPS-3-1 is a homogeneous β-pyran polysaccharide with 1 → 2, 1 → 3, and 1 → 4 glycosyl bonds, mainly composed of d-ribose, l-rhamnose, l-arabinose, l-foucose, and d-glucose. The molar ratio of these components is 1:0.70:1.03:2.1:6.59. The molecular weight of SPS-3-1 is 623.02 kDa. SPS-3-1 has a linear filament structure with a width of 34.132 nm and a height of 819.169 pm. We found that SPS-3-1 significantly enhanced transepithelial electrical resistance, a tight junction integrity marker, in a Caco-2 intestinal cell monolayer model. Analysis of the effect of SPS-3-1 on cell proliferation showed that SPS-3-1 inhibited the in vitro growth of Caco-2 and HepG2 cells with an IC50 of 566.67 μg/mL and 1078.95 μg/mL, respectively.
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