Effects of the NIK aly Mutation on NF-κB Activation by the Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Infection Membrane Protein, Lymphotoxin β Receptor, and CD40

Abstract

Homozygosity for the aly point mutation in NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) results in alymphoplasia in mice, a phenotype similar to that of homozygosity for deletion of the lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR). We now find that NF-kappaB activation by Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) or by an LMP1 transmembrane domain chimera with the LTbetaR signaling domain in human embryonic kidney 293 cells is selectively inhibited by a wild type dominant negative NIK comprised of amino acids 624-947 (DN-NIK) and not by aly DN-NIK. In contrast, LMP1/CD40 is inhibited by both wild type (wt) and aly DN-NIK. LMP1, an LMP1 transmembrane domain chimera with the LTbetaR signaling domain, and LMP1/CD40 activate NF-kappaB in wt or aly murine embryo fibroblasts. Although wt and aly NIK do not differ in their in vitro binding to tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1, 2, 3, or 6 or in their in vivo association with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 and differ marginally in their very poor binding to IkappaB kinase beta (IKKbeta), only wt NIK is able to bind to IKKalpha. These data are compatible with a model in which activation of NF-kappaB by LMP1 and LTbetaR is mediated by an interaction of NIK or a NIK-like kinase with IKKalpha that is abrogated by the aly mutation. On the other hand, CD40 mediates NF-kappaB activation through a kinase that interacts with a different component of the IKK complex.