Effects of the nature connectedness on restoration in simulated indoor natural environments

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the relationship between nature connectedness and restoration in simulated indoor environments with varying nature densities. Participants (N = 41) were exposed to five sets of images representing varying of indoor nature densities: 0 %, 1%–12 %, 13%–24 %, 25%–36 %, and 37%–100 %. Multiple measurements were employed, including the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS-11), backward digit span task, and electroencephalography (EEG). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between nature connectedness and perceived restorativeness; however, no significant associations were observed with other restorative indicators. The moderating effect of nature connectedness on perceived restorativeness was examined, revealing that it amplified the impact of simulated indoor nature density on fascination and being away at 18.0 % and 29.3 %, but not 6.2 % and 55.7 %, simulated indoor nature density, respectively. These findings elucidate the intricate relationships between nature connectedness, simulated indoor nature density, and perceived restorativeness. Furthermore, this study contributes to advancing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that explain the restorative benefits of exposure to natural environments, specifically in indoor settings with varying nature densities. Individuals with higher nature connectedness may experience greater subjective restoration when exposed to natural environments, although this may not translate to significant enhancements in objective restoration.