Effects of the Ionic and Nanoparticle Forms of Cu and Ag on These Metals' Bioaccumulation in the Eggs and Fry of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.).

Monika Kowalska-Góralska,Joanna Łuczyńska,Katarzyna Czyż,Magdalena Senze

doi:10.3390/ijerph17176392

Abstract

Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science, and an increasing number of nanoproducts, including nanometals, can be found on the market. Various nanometals and the products that are manufactured based on them can help to fight bacteria and fungi, but they can also penetrate organisms and accumulate in them. This study aimed to compare the effects of two metals, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu), with known antibacterial and fungicidal properties in their ionic (AgNO3, CuSO4·5H2O) and nanoparticle (AgNPs, CuNPs) forms on rainbow trout eggs and fry. Concentrations of metals ranging from 0 to 16 mg/L were used during egg swelling for 2 h. The swelling of eggs in Cu solutions resulted in an increase in Cu content in the eggs (just like in the case of Ag); however, the changes in fry were not significant in the case of both Ag and Cu. The concentrations of these metals in eggs was greatly affected by the applied form of Ag and Cu. Because CuNPs penetrated the embryo in fish eggs at lower concentrations compared to AgNPs, it would be worth considering them for antibacterial applications during egg incubation.

Highlights

Nanotechnology is a field of science that has been developing rapidly in recent years.The distinguishing feature of nanoelements is that one of their dimensions does not exceed 100 nm, and due to their size and relatively large surface area to volume ratio, their properties differ compared to the ionic forms of the same elements [1,2]
The application of AgNO3 had a greater influence on the changes in the silver content in the eggs compared to AgNPs
The toxicity of silver to rainbow trout was demonstrated was demonstrated by Al.-Bairuti et al [26], who observed an increase in silver content in the eggs, by Al.-Bairuti et al [26], who observed an increase in silver content in the eggs, depending on silver depending on silver concentration; similar tendencies were noted by Morgan and Wood [27]

Summary

Introduction

The distinguishing feature of nanoelements is that one of their dimensions does not exceed 100 nm, and due to their size and relatively large surface area to volume ratio, their properties differ compared to the ionic forms of the same elements [1,2]. Besides the many benefits in different areas of life and industry, nanotechnology can present certain risks to the environment [3,4]. This concerns the aquatic environment, which receives significant amounts of pollutants from industrial discharge. Nanoproducts can be beneficial for flowing water fish farmers in the fight against. Farmers of salmonid fish have been struggling for many years with problems related to hatching Saprolegnia sp., but they may concurrently pose a hazard when nanoelements are accumulated [5].

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