Abstract
Stress is one of the main problems of farmed fish, where it has been seen to result in a variety of disorders and negative effects. It is considered very important to minimize such effects and one option is the use of dietary additives. In the present experiment, meagre (Argyrosomus regius) specimens were fed three different diets: a control diet consisting of a commercial feed, a tryptophan-supplemented diet and an aspartate-supplemented diet. For each diet, fish were divided into three subgroups: non-stressed (resting), exposed to crowding or air-exposed. Just before the stress, and one and six hours post-stress, serum samples were taken to study several immune parameters (protease, antiprotease, peroxidase and lysozyme) and the bactericidal activity against three fish-pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio angillarum, V. harveyi and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida). The results demonstrated that feeding the animals with the supplemented diets modulates the seric immune parameters, particularly when animals were stressed by air exposure.
Highlights
In fish aquaculture, many environmental stressors may occur; for example, handling, transportation or the movement of fish cages, confinement, poor water quality, poor social and physical environment and disease [1]
We study and discuss whether the administration of dietary amino acids has any positive effects on mitigating the negative effects of stress on humoral immunity
The use of a balanced diet or functional ingredients in diets is thought to substantially reduce the negative effects caused by different stressors on host organisms and have direct effects on individual health [16]
Summary
Many environmental stressors may occur; for example, handling, transportation or the movement of fish cages, confinement, poor water quality, poor social and physical environment and disease [1]. For these main reasons, it is considered of priority importance to study the response of fish to such stressors and, at the same time, to diminish the negative effects of the stress on farmed fish. When homeostasis is altered by a stressor, a varied array of neuronal, endocrine, and autonomic response mechanisms can be used to restore homeostasis. Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid in fish and the hormone most directly associated with stress
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