Abstract
The load-depended loss of vertical barbell velocity at the end of the acceleration phase limits the maximum weight that can be lifted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze how increased barbell loads affect the vertical barbell velocity in the sub-phases of the acceleration phase during the snatch. It was hypothesized that the load-dependent velocity loss at the end of the acceleration phase is primarily associated with a velocity loss during the 1st pull. For this purpose, 14 male elite weightlifters lifted seven load-stages from 70–100% of their personal best in the snatch. The load–velocity relationship was calculated using linear regression analysis to determine the velocity loss at 1st pull, transition, and 2nd pull. A group mean data contrast analysis revealed the highest load-dependent velocity loss for the 1st pull (t = 1.85, p = 0.044, g = 0.49 [−0.05, 1.04]) which confirmed our study hypothesis. In contrast to the group mean data, the individual athlete showed a unique response to increased loads during the acceleration sub-phases of the snatch. With the proposed method, individualized training recommendations on exercise selection and loading schemes can be derived to specifically improve the sub-phases of the snatch acceleration phase. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of single-subject assessment when working with elite athletes in Olympic weightlifting.
Highlights
In weightlifting, winning the competition means lifting the highest load in a particular bodyweight category
All regressions models for the load–velocity relationship (LvR) showed an acceptable fit with a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 0.034 ± 0.012 m/s for ∆v1st, 0.036 ± 0.014 m/s for ∆vtrans, and 0.054 ± 0.03 m/s for ∆v2nd
The training program of weightlifters consists of specific exercises in combination with different training methods during a periodized macrocycle [13,16]
Summary
In weightlifting, winning the competition means lifting the highest load in a particular bodyweight category. For this purpose, the athlete has to accelerate the barbell to a vertical velocity that is high enough to drop under the barbell and to catch it. Böttcher and Deutscher [1] defined this velocity as a “threshold velocity”, which is individual to every athlete and determines the minimal vertical velocity necessary for a successful lift. The highest weight an athlete can snatch is partially limited by his or her “threshold velocity”. From this perspective, the acceleration phase represents a prerequisite for a good lift. The velocity at the end of the 1st pull is, on average, around 1.06 to
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