Effects of the application of the amniotic membrane in the healing process of skin wounds in rats.

Mariana Barbosa Dias Campelo,Emilia Ângela Loschiavo Arisawa,Rauirys Alencar de Oliveira,Antonio Luiz Martins Maia Filho,Luciana Barros Sant’Anna,Leonardo Fonseca Maia,Joelita de Alencar Fonseca Santos,Daniel Cabral Leão Ferreira

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020180020000006

Abstract

To evaluate the efficacy of the application of the human amniotic membrane (HAM) on the inflammatory process, fibroblast proliferation, formation of collagenand reduction of skin wound areas in rats. Thirty six rats were submitted to a surgical injury induction and divided into two groups (n = 18): group C (control) and T (treated with the HAM). The macroscopic evolution in the wound area and the histological characteristics of the skin samples were evaluated. The regression of the wound area was greater in group T. The histological analysis revealed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the inflammatory infiltrate in group T at all experimental periods compared with that in the control group. Furthermore, the group T presented a significant increase in the proliferation of fibroblasts at 14 and 21 days compared with group C (p < 0.05). Regarding the deposition of mature collagen fibers, there was an increase in the replacement of type III collagen by type I collagen in group T (p < 0.05). Treatment with the HAM reduced the healing time as well as the inflammatory responses, increased the proliferation of fibroblasts, and induced a higher concentration of mature collagen fibers.

Highlights

Chronic nonhealing skin wounds are one of the major health problems in several countries
Infection was not observed among the animals in group T at 7 days owing to the application of the human amniotic membrane (HAM), which remained adhered to the wound area, without forming a thick scab (Figure 1-T7)
The results showed that the application of the HAM accelerated the wound healing process, with closure of the injury

Summary

Introduction

Chronic nonhealing skin wounds are one of the major health problems in several countries. Growing advances have occurred in the treatment of skin lesions, considering the high availability of different coverages, whose development demands advanced technology and high costs. Innovative solutions, the application of extraembryonic stem cells derived from the placenta, chorion, and amniotic membrane, have been the subject of numerous studies in regenerative medicine and skin engineering, especially in recent years. The cells from these biomaterials are considered multipotent and have a high proliferation rate, good plasticity, and no immune response[3]

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