Effects of the antiandrogens, vinclozolin and cyproterone acetate on gonadal development in the Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes)

Abstract

This study was focused on determining the effects of exposure to antiandrogens on the gonadal development of Japanese medaka ( Oryzias latipes). Test compounds included the fungicide, vinclozolin and the clinical antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate. Newly hatched medaka were exposed to aqueous solutions of vinclozolin (2500 μg/l) and the vinclozolin fungicide formulation, Ronilan® (1000 and 5000 μg/l) and cyproterone acetate (1 and 10 μg/l), for 3 months. Histological evaluation of the gonadal tissues of exposed fish indicated that the 5000 μg/l concentration of the vinclozolin formulation (Ronilan®) induced a low incidence of intersex (i.e. testis–ova) and the 2500 μg/l concentration of vinclozolin-affected spermatogenesis in males. Also, the vinclozolin treatments induced moderate ovarian atresia. Cyproterone acetate also induced a low incidence of testis–ova, but in contrast to the vinclozolin treatment the amount of ovarian tissue in the testis–ova was equal to or greater than the amount of testicular tissue. In the cyproterone acetate treatments, both oogenesis and spermatogenesis were moderately inhibited at all test concentrations. The results of this study indicate that antiandrogens have the potential to alter testicular development and gametogenesis in fish. However, research is needed to determine the mechanisms by which antiandrogens affect fish.