Effects of the administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in patients with arterial hypertension

Abstract

A positive history of arterial hypertension (HBP) is present in as many as 30% of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and their clinical outcome could be greatly improved by drugs enhancing blood pressure control and preserving ventricular function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of a history of HBP on the clinical efficacy of early treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor zofenopril in patients with anterior AMI. We summarize the results of a post-hoc analysis of data from the Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) study, which randomly evaluated the efficacy of zofenopril given within 24 h of symptom onset to patients with anterior AMI not undergoing thrombolysis. Of 1441 patients who entered the study, 565 (39.2%) had a history of HBP. The mean follow-up time was 12 months and the main outcome measures were 6-week combined occurrence of death and severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and 1-year mortality. After 6-week of treatment with zofenopril the relative risk of death or severe CHF was 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.81; 2 P < .05) in the hypertensive group and 0.89 (0.74–1.08; 2 P = .62) for normotensive patients, whereas the 1-year risk of death was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.23,0.89; 2 P < .05) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.52–1.17; 2 P = .22), respectively. The 6-week prevalence of mild-to-moderate CHF was also significantly reduced by zofenopril in the hypertensive population (14.1% v 9.4%; 2 P < .05). The present data suggest that treatment with zofenopril started within 24 h of the onset of anterior AMI could be highly beneficial in patients with a history of HBP.