Abstract
ZnO absorbs certain wavelengths of light and this behavior is more pronounced for nanoparticles of ZnO. As many toxicity measurements rely on measuring light transmission in cell lines, it is essential to determine how far this light absorption influences experimental toxicity measurements. The main objective was to study the ZnO absorption and how this influenced the cytotoxicity measurements. The cytotoxicity of differently sized ZnO nanoparticles in normal and cancer cell lines derived from lung tissue (Hs888Lu), neuron‐phenotypic cells (SH‐SY5Y), neuroblastoma (SH‐SY5Y), human histiocytic lymphoma (U937), and lung cancer (A549) was investigated. Our results demonstrate that the presence of ZnO affected the cytotoxicity measurements due to the absorption characteristic of ZnO nanoparticles. The data revealed that the ZnO nanoparticles with an average particle size of around 85.7 nm and 190 nm showed cytotoxicity towards U937, SH‐SY5Y, differentiated SH‐SY5Y, and Hs888Lu cell lines. No effect on the A549 cells was observed. It was also found that the cytotoxicity of ZnO was particle size, concentration, and time dependent. These studies are the first to quantify the influence of ZnO nanoparticles on cytotoxicity assays. Corrections for absorption effects were carried out which gave an accurate estimation of the concentrations that produce the cytotoxic effects.
Highlights
The industrial use of nanoparticles in a wide variety of applications has been rapidly expanding in the last decade [1]
In this study we found out that no effects are observed for lung cancer (A549) cell lines exposed to 1 mM of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, Z1 and Z2 (85.7 nm group and 190 nm group, resp.), and incubated for 24 or 96 h
The data from the present study demonstrate that the presence of ZnO at high concentrations affected the cytotoxicity measurements due to the absorption characteristic of ZnO nanoparticles
Summary
The industrial use of nanoparticles in a wide variety of applications has been rapidly expanding in the last decade [1]. Such applications include the use of zinc, titanium, magnesium, and other metallic oxide nanoparticles, thereby increasing the occupational and other environmental exposure of these nanoparticles to humans and other species [2]. Zinc oxide (ZnO) has properties such as wide band gap (3.37 eV), high exciton binding energy (60 meV), and a variety of morphologies [3]. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are the subject of much research because of their high probability exposure to human and environment [1]
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