Effects of the 21st Century Learning Model and Problem-Based Models on Higher Order Thinking Skill

Abstract

The 4.0 industrial revolution is an important topic that is currently being discussed in Indonesia.Industrial revolution 4.0 has an essential influence on education in Indonesia, known as Education4.0. Instruction 4.0 includes four necessary skills called 4C, namely the ability to communicate,collaborate, think critically, problem-solving, creative, and innovation. The 4C skills are summarisedin the form of HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) questions that are currently applied in Indonesia.However, in reality, mathematics learning about the application of HOTS questions made a declinein the national average of student scores. The researcher concluded that students and teachers hadnot found the right learning model for the HOTS problem. Therefore, the main focus of this researchis to apply the 21st-century learning model and problem-based learning models and see how theeffects of the 21st-century model and problem-based learning models on HOTS in mathematics. Themethod of data analysis in this study uses one-way univariate variance analysis