Abstract
The understanding of the degradation mechanisms in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is important as they tend to degrade faster under exposure to heat and light conditions. This paper examines the temperature-dependent degradation of solution processed triple-cation mixed halide PSCs (Cs0.05(FA0.95MA0.05)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.05)3). The PSCs were subjected to temperatures between 30 and 60 °C for 3 h (180 min) to evaluate their current–voltage performance characteristics. Temperature-induced changes in the layer and interfacial structure were also elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our results show that thermally induced degradation leads gradually to the burn-in decay of photocurrent density, which results in a rapid reduction in power conversion efficiency. The SEM images reveal thermally induced delamination and microvoid formation between the layers. The underlying degradation in the solar cell performance characteristics is associated with the formation of these defects (interfacial cracks and microvoids) during the controlled heating of the mixed halide perovskite cells. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of the PSCs suggests that the device charge transport resistance and the interfacial capacitance associated with charge accumulation at the interfaces both increase with extended exposure to light.
Highlights
The photoconversion efficiencies of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells have improved dramatically due to their unique combination of optoelectronic properties such as high absorption characteristics, tunable direct bandgaps, excellent bipolar carrier transport, and long charge diffusion lengths.1–12 Their highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% was achieved during the past decade
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis of the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) suggests that the device charge transport resistance and the interfacial capacitance associated with charge accumulation at the interfaces both increase with extended exposure to light
Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass, diisopropoxide bis(acetylacetonate), tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate (SnCl4 5H2O—98%, Sigma-Aldrich), diluted SnO2 colloidal dispersion (15% in H2O colloidal dispersion, Alfa Aesar), formamidinium iodide (FAI; 98%), methylamine hydrobromide (MABr), cesium iodide (CsI), lead bromide (PbBr2) (99.9%), lead iodide (PbI2; 99.9%), chlorobenzene dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetone, iso-propyl alcohol (IPA), 4-tert-butylpyridine, acetonitrile, lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Li-TFSI), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,Ndi-p methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), and anhydrous chlorobenzene were all purchased from SigmaAldrich (Natick, MA, USA), while pure gold (99.999%, Lesker) was purchased from Kurt J
Summary
The photoconversion efficiencies of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells have improved dramatically due to their unique combination of optoelectronic properties such as high absorption characteristics, tunable direct bandgaps, excellent bipolar carrier transport, and long charge diffusion lengths. Their highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% was achieved during the past decade. The photoconversion efficiencies of organic–inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells have improved dramatically due to their unique combination of optoelectronic properties such as high absorption characteristics, tunable direct bandgaps, excellent bipolar carrier transport, and long charge diffusion lengths.1–12 Their highest certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.2% was achieved during the past decade. Our current understanding of the mechanism of OIHP degradation is still limited, it is well known that exposure to moisture, oxygen, irradiation, and elevated temperatures results in significant reductions in OIHP performance/durability They are major impediments to their largescale/industrial commercialization, despite the attractive PCEs that have been reported for OIHP solar cells with the use of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and other absorber layers containing formamidinium, bromide, and chloride.. They are major impediments to their largescale/industrial commercialization, despite the attractive PCEs that have been reported for OIHP solar cells with the use of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and other absorber layers containing formamidinium, bromide, and chloride. Encapsulation has been used to limit moisture penetration, which reduces the evaporation of volatile components in perovskite absorbers.
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