Abstract
The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (14–17 g) was exposed to different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 35 °C), pH values (4.22, 7.27 and 9.31), salinity levels (0‰, 5‰, 10‰ and 15‰) and different concentrations (0.02 (control), 0.55, 1.20 and 3.07 mg l−1) of ammonia-N (ammonia as nitrogen) for 7 days. They were then examined for phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to the pathogen Lactococcus garvieae. M. rosenbergii at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C, pH 7.27 or salinity 5‰ and 10‰ exhibited increased phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency, whereas M. rosenbergii exposed to ammonia-N at 0.55 mg l−1 or greater exhibited decreased phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae. It was therefore concluded that at a temperature of 35 °C, salinity 0‰ and 15‰, pH 9.31 or exposure of ammonia-N at 0.55 mg l−1 or greater, the immune system of M. rosenbergii depressed, which in turn resulted in increased mortality from the L. garvieae infection. Prawns at temperatures of 25 and 30 °C, pH 7.27 or salinity at 5‰ however, exhibited the greatest increased resistance to the L. garvieae infection.
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