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Abstract
This study performed experiments and thermodynamic calculations to elucidate the effects of diffusion temperature on interfacial evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium and carbon steel (i.e., steel) sheets bonded via a new type of multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion with nickel interlayer. The interfacial evolution results revealed that this new type of multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion treatment showed a very good adherence due to its metallurgy bonding, because it made a remarked improvement between compound and intermetallic compound relationship. Secondly, in mechanical properties, results revealed that the highest shear strength (∼470 MPa) was obtained at a processing temperature of 850°C. The highest peel strength (∼21 N/mm) was obtained in the sample processed at 900°C. Bonding temperatures above and below these levels reduced the bond strength respectively due to poor atom diffusion and excessive compound formation, resulting in joint failure at the Ti-Ni interface. Extensive cleavage planes with various alignments were observed on the fracture surfaces in these cases. Overall, a hot-rolling temperature of 850°C was found to provide the optimal tradeoff between interfacial bonding strength and ductility. This work provided an economical and convenient solution for broadening the engineering application of interface between sheets of pure titanium and steel.
Highlights
The light weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, high toughness, high creep resistance, and excellent corrosion resistance of titanium (Ti) and its alloys have led to their extensive use in the aerospace, chemical, marine, nuclear and medical industries [1, 2]
This study performed experiments and thermodynamic calculations to elucidate the effects of diffusion temperature on interfacial evolution and mechanical properties of pure titanium and carbon steel sheets bonded via a new type of multi-pass continuous hot-roll diffusion with nickel interlayer
For diffusion bonded joints such as those prepared in the present study, the interfacial microstructure, diffusion layer thickness, and phase composition of the reaction zone are all critically dependent on the bonding temperature
Summary
The light weight, high strength-to-weight ratio, high toughness, high creep resistance, and excellent corrosion resistance of titanium (Ti) and its alloys have led to their extensive use in the aerospace, chemical, marine, nuclear and medical industries [1, 2]. Many methods are available for joining Ti to steel, including welding [6,7,8], brazing [9,10,11] and soldering [12, 13]. These methods have several drawbacks, including a large difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of Ti and steel, respectively, which may cause significant distortion, and the rapid formation of intermetallic layers in the interfacial region [11]. The intermetallic layers typically consist of FeTi and Fe2Ti phases; both of which have high hardness and brittleness, and reduce the strength of the joint [14,15,16]
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