Abstract
Growth in Indian ricegrass commenced in the spring when soil temperatures stayed at 4?C for at least 3 or 4 days. Maximum plant size was attained when (1) soils warmed up early in the spring, (2) soil temperatures were relatively low later in the spring, and (3) additional water was supplied during the spring growth period. Higher soil temperature late in the vegetative phase of growth delayed anthesis approximately 3 days for each degree Celsius above-10?C. Additional moisture early in the season also delayed anthesis. Relatively reliable estimates of foliage biomass and seed biomass were made from measurements of average and/or maximum plant height, average length of longest leaf on each culm, maximum seed stalk height, clump diameter, and number of culms per plant. Measurements of biomass of needleandthread grass indicate that the generalized formulas presented here should be applicable to other cool-season bunch-
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