Effects of Temperature and CO2 on Growth and Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) under Climate Change in An Giang Province Vietnam

Abstract

Abstract At the present time, climate change causing increasing temperature, dryness and CO2 has exposed negative impacts on crops. In this study, four independent chambers were built to establish the expectation of different temperatures between the chambers. The experiment was carried out from January to March 2021 at An Giang University experimental area. Corn variety “Gold 58” was grown in 42 pots (34x28x28cm) in a chamber, 2 plants/pot. Temperature and CO2 were hourly recorded. Plant height, leaf number, stover biomass were measured every 10 days period. The results showed that days to maturity in 4 chambers ranged from 62 to 67 days and accumulated temperature from transplanting or sowing to maturity (Tsum) varied from 1976 to 2077 0C d. The average of CO2 concentration of 10 days period in the chambers varied from 527.5 to 558.3 ppm at daytime and 626.1 to 744.4 ppm at night-time (highest in chamber 1). Plant height at harvest in chamber 1 was 306.7 ± 11.5 cm, while it was decreased by 6.1%; 11.7% in chambers 3 and 4. Total biomass above the ground in chamber 2, 3, 4 also significantly declined by 25.2%; 31.6% and 36.4% at harvest, respectively. Fruit yield also reduced by 14.3%, 34.9% and 34.1% respectively compared to chamber 1. Observed versus simulated comparison by our crop-model (based on R language programing) resulted in RRMSE value less than 8.2%. NSE index (Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency) of the models greater than 0.75 show that the models have high reliability.