Abstract
Seepage meters are widely used to measure the flux of groundwater into surface-water bodies by direct subaqueous discharge across the sediment-water interface. Although seepage meters provide a quick and simple method for gathering information on the magnitude and dircetion of flow across the interface, data obtained are often highly variable. Flume and field studies show that much of this variation is due to the effect of flow of surface water across the meter, which alters the hydraulic head within the meter and induces augmented seepage flow. Surface-water movement due to waves, currents or streamflow reduces the hydraulic head in the meter by one centimeter or more, resulting in an erroneously large value of measured seepage flux. Covering the seepage-meter collection bag to isolate it from flow in the overlying surface water significantly reduces or eliminates this error.
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