Abstract
BackgroundTo explore the effects of topographical modification of titanium substrates at submicron level by oxalic acid treatment on bone quality and quantity around dental implants in rabbit tibiae.MethodsA total of 60 blasted CP-grade IV titanium dental implants were used. Twenty-eight control implant surfaces were treated with a mixture of HCl/H2SO4, whereas 28 other test implant surfaces were treated with oxalic acid following HCl/H2SO4 treatment. Two randomly selected sets of control or test implants were placed in randomly selected proximal tibiae of 14 female Japanese white rabbits. Euthanasia was performed 4 and 8 weeks post-implant placement. Bone to implant contact (BIC), bone area fraction (BAF), ratios of mature and immature bone to total bone, and the amount and types of collagen fibers were evaluated quantitatively. Two control and two test implants were used to analyze surface characteristics.ResultsTreatment by oxalic acid significantly decreased Sa and increased Ra of test implant surfaces. BIC in test implants was increased without alteration of BAF and collagen contents at 4 and 8 weeks after implant placement when compared with control implants. The ratios of immature and mature bone to total bone differed significantly between groups at 4 weeks post-implantation. Treatment by oxalic acid increased type I collagen and decreased type III collagen in bone matrices around test implants when compared with control implants at 8 weeks after implant placement. The effects of topographical changes of implant surfaces induced by oxalic acid on BAF, mature bone, collagen contents, and type I collagen were significantly promoted with decreased immature bone formation and type III collagen in the later 4 weeks post-implantation.ConclusionsTreatment of implant surfaces with oxalic acid rapidly increases osseointegration from the early stages after implantation. Moreover, submicron topographical changes of dental implants induced by oxalic acid improve bone quality based on bone maturation and increased production of type I collagen surrounding dental implants in the late stage after implant placement.
Highlights
To explore the effects of topographical modification of titanium substrates at submicron level by oxalic acid treatment on bone quality and quantity around dental implants in rabbit tibiae
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of implant surface modification with oxalic acid on bone quantity and bone quality around implants in rabbit tibiae
From scanning electron microscope (SEM) images under higher magnification, nano-porous topography appeared to be different between control and test implants both cross-sectionally and longitudinally
Summary
To explore the effects of topographical modification of titanium substrates at submicron level by oxalic acid treatment on bone quality and quantity around dental implants in rabbit tibiae. In the past 50 years, the use of dental implants has become a reliable treatment modality with high survival rates for fully and partially edentulous patients [1]. It has been well documented that a moderately rough surface on dental implants plays important roles in faster and more stable bone integration [3]. A moderately rough surface, defined as an Sa value 1.0 to 2.0 μm [4], has been reported to have the highest rate of bone formation around implants compared to other degrees of roughness [4, 5]. The use of dental implants with moderately rough surfaces is one of the mainstream issues in implant treatment
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